![]() ![]() Interestingly, the majority of infections result in asymptomatic presentation and never progress to clinical disease. Unfortunately, difficulties in diagnostics and long subclinical stage hinder adequate control and is further complicated by variation in MAP exposure outcome. Without economical treatments, or a vaccine capable of preventing infection without causing cross-reactions with bovine tuberculosis, test-and-cull methods for disease control are imperative. This organism causes worldwide economic losses to the livestock industry, and is of public health importance due to the potential zoonotic risk between MAP and Crohn's disease (CD) in humans. Paratuberculosis, or Johne's Disease (JD) is a debilitating chronic enteritis mainly affecting ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. ![]() 2Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States.1Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for One Health Research, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States.Amanda Kravitz 1, Kevin Pelzer 2 and Nammalwar Sriranganathan 1 * ![]()
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